Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

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Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common type of keratinocyte cancer, or non-melanoma skin cancer. It is derived from cells within the epidermis that make keratin — the horny protein that makes up skin, hair and nails.

Cutaneous SCC is an invasive disease, referring to cancer cells that have grown beyond the epidermis. SCC can sometimes metastasise and may prove fatal.

Intraepidermal carcinoma (cutaneous SCC in situ) and mucosal SCC are considered elsewhere.

More than 90% of cases of SCC are associated with numerous DNA mutations in multiple somatic genes.  Mutations in the p53 tumour suppressor gene are caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV), especially UVB (known as signature 7). Other signature mutations relate to cigarette smoking, ageing and immune suppression (eg, to drugs such as azathioprine). Mutations in signalling pathways affect the epidermal growth factor receptor, RAS, Fyn, and p16INK4a signalling.

Beta-genus human papillomaviruses (wart virus) are thought to play a role in SCC arising in immune-suppressed populations. β-HPV and HPV subtypes 5, 8, 17, 20, 24, and 38 have also been associated with an increased risk of cutaneous SCC in immunocompetent individuals.

Cutaneous SCCs present as enlarging scaly or crusted lumps. They usually arise within pre-existing actinic keratosis or intraepidermal carcinoma.

  • They grow over weeks to months
  • They may ulcerate
  • They are often tender or painful
  • Located on sun-exposed sites, particularly the face, lips, ears, hands, forearms and lower legs
  • Size varies from a few millimetres to several centimetres in diameter.

 

The Journal of Orthopedic Oncology offers information in all aspects of primary, malignant tumors. Osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, and soft tissue sarcomas etc it also deals with diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, clinical, laboratory research and reconstructive techniques.

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Best Regards,

Stella

Coordinator| Journal of Orthopedic Oncology

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